Newspapers / The Greensboro Patriot (Greensboro, … / April 15, 1848, edition 1 / Page 1
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? WUMBR 1 VOLUME X, GREENStfiO .J 1 j; fttiblisljcii lUcckln b Y SWAIM & S ilERW 0 01). , 1 ' ' , ', '- PRlCfc. TIIRBB DOLLARS A TEAR, " $f3.50, ir wrTMiw owskoktb A?TSTasDATi . . or scaarairTion. . A fattuts on the part of any customer to order a diaeon lindane within tha aubacription year, wilt be considered Jieative of bia wish U continue the, paper. incidents of Travel. . the holy land. I I1IIIIT MATI(1JC. VU AFTER I. ENTRANCE. ' It was on SondayMarch 28tb, that we were lo enter the Holy Land. I had been too much engrossed by.lhe objects which interested , os at every steb in Eevpt and Arabia to think much of Ytbie beforehand but when I came forth from our ! lent in the dawnoftbqt morning, there was en- ough of novelty in the scene around me to make ie feel that we were about lo enter upon a new toonlrand a new set of interests ; and I became afer to know at wbaUiour we were to pass the r "boundary which separated the desert from the Ho Jy lAndtho .home of the old Faith from tha'. of Jho-new. We had followed the track of Moses from the spot where his mother placed his bulrush . .cradle to that on which he oied ; for to the east we should this morning see the mountains over hanging the Dead Sea ; and among them the sum ah of Nebo, whence he looked abroad over the Land ol Promise ; and' now we were to enter up on the country of Jesus certain to walk in his . very footsteps, and see what he saw perhaps 'tBTaTery ay7t never Tm-emberfeehngauctr ari interest "in every wild-flower, in the outlines of all the bills, and the track of all the water cours s. ' - htf left the atontfudesert behind us, anon -were encamped in a nook of the hill ' where the ground was green, and weeds grew thick. There wss grass under my bed in the tent; and when I came out this morning, the fl"w was hea " , yj on the daiaU nd Buttercups and flowering " "' mallow which crewa abundantly Otttheiurf. y 1 walked in -the early aun&hine on a strip of sand '-veTiooking-the- iUeyr impressing .on my inemo- ry every feature of the landscape, and impatient of the, rising ground lo the north, which prevent- ..ed mv jeejne where we werp going. It was im nnasible to tell the exact moment : but wTthTn a? "m'itirw twrrwa felt ihat-we wwe--ifldeed in - the- i native land of Christ, and probably on his very track; His relations lived at Hebion; and dur ing the first thirty years ofjhyi life ho had prob ably visited them, after meeting them at the feasts at Jerusalem. He might have walked over the hills which awelled higher and higher as we ad vanced.and rested by ,the side'of the wells which -yawned beside our track. At any rate, the trees Kahtf flower wbich Jromihe .stunted shrub of the desert to the flmu'n 'sions of a tree; the scarlet anemone 'wTih" us a preciousgarden flower which here strewed the ground for acres roend ; the cy ' clamen, which pushed ftrihiis tufis "of while and lilac blossoms from under many a atone and bush; and the poppyT mallow hem lock, and wild oats, which grew as thickly as in any English hedge. I did not know before that these weeds were as common here as with us ; and "never before did the sight of them give me so much pleasure It would have been pleas- ant anywhere to meet these familiar weeds so far from home ; but the delight to-day was to think that He and his disciples were as much accustom ed to them4 as ourselves,, and that a .walk. anri the arly spring was, in lhe pure "Country,, much the aame thing to them as to us. .... , . But we soon came upon traces which showed that theexpanse of pure, country here was very small in those days, compared with what it is now. The towns must have been more thickly et tore than in any country I ever wasifi. " f Patches and masses of ruins showedbemselves 'on every hand so near each other as to indicate - f- that the land must have been peopled to a de 1 1 grea now no where knows. The first plough- ving we had seen for many'weeka was a alriting sight to us ; a mere scratching of the, soil nt the ' foot of the hills : but close by lay a heap of buil- dUg stones, the remains of a town or Wllage.-- .-. 'Presently saw n rude plough, with a single 'camel st work; and at hand was a long founda tion wall, laid in a far distant century. On a 'height farther on were the remains of a large an-' 'cient building, with ta broken pillars standing, marking the sight of the Aior of scripture. Then, though there were water courses about very hill, wells began to abound ; subsiantial. "deep wells, built with a rirn with holes'in it, to re teive the covering stone ; such wells as tell of a settlement beside them. We stopped early this 'day partly because it was Sunday, and partly v because our Arab guards who know nothing of vour Sunday.! Mind a convenient place among the .. hills, some what sheltered from the cold wind ; and here, a very few miles from the' boundary the ""gehtlemenof the party 'discovered that we lad '--r- sariown in the midst of what was once, a large . 'town, though the 'pUce appeared a mere stony rr trel like manyzthtt:wezhadipassed. Injhej jporning early, I went Out to see- forTnyself, jand j was-astonished at the extent of the" ruins which I should not have observed vt tile' merely riding by.' I eolild racc thV lines' of . foandatioiv walls for half a mile; and building stones, overgrown with grass, lay in hillocks for a considerable distance ; round. Tha many caverns In the limestone rocks, DOW used as beds for the coats, were found to be the vaults of larce bui dinrs now cone to ruin, in a few minutes, we traced three temples, other such buildings, by their overthrown pillars. .Our eyes being now opened, we "this day saw more and more remains till we were Convinced that all the way from the boundary to Hebron, thejaod was thick-set with towns, and swarming with inhabi tants in the days of its glory the days when the Teacher went op and down in it, meditating the changes which, must make it what I have seen it now. Its hills and streams, its skies and flowers, are to-day what they were before his eyes; but where he saw towns en every height, and villa ges in every nook, there is now hardly left one stone upon another. A group of black Bedouin tents on a hillside, a camel or two browsing here, are all that relieve the titter solitude where there was then an innumerable throng of nienj ' As we advanced, on the Monday, the soil be came richer, and field was joined to field, so that we began to look for the landmarks which are here used, instead offences, to bound field proper ty. We entered upon-thickets and shrubberies where while "roses, and fragrant herbs abounded. Soon after noon a new scene opened upon us. On our left hand lay a wide, deep basin among the hills, full of vineyards and"blive-grourids, wheret he stones from the soil were built up into fences, and in almost every plot rose a garden-house. This was a sure sign that we were near a town ; and as we rounded the hill on our right, we came in sight of the two -rnnniencer tr winch- iebr on - wiM prdw ylLiagjciop There stood the town where John the Baptist was born, and here were the1 scenes which he must many a lime have talked of with bis cousin, in their boyish meetings at Jerusalem for the feasts. Hebron, too, is only twenty miles from Bethle hem ; only twenty-six frwn Jerusalem ; and in iho "ysY When a laree amount of yearly tra V elling was a solemn religious duty incumbent upon every family, it is scarcely possible but that relatives must have oftn visited' each other, and K J The care of JJachpelatUa theT?,andjhe Jburi- J Bl-place of Abraham and bis family was a sacred ! j locality ,.and an object of pilgrimage of Jews of all agesrt. as we mquirea lor n, ana waiKea rouna The incTclu rerhich"the Mohammedans now per mit iraCHtristuH to -enter, -Lxpuld not but think who might have been before us in the same quest. . . WHAT IS EDUCATION f The great end of education is not to train a man lo get a living. This is plain ; because life was given for a higher end than simply to toil for its own prolongation. A comfortable subsistence is indeed very important to the purposes of life, be ul, whal.it may. A man half-fed, half-cloihed, and fearing to perish from famine or cold, will be too crosned 4n-spiritlo..da Jhe properjworkjofj man H must be set free from the iron grasp of wpnt, from the constant pressure of painfulsensations from rnndinp. ill-requited toil.. Unless a man be msf.f a ! . B 111'" s trained to a comfortable supppft his prospects of improvement and happiness are poor. But if his education aims at nothing more, his life will turn to little account To educate n man is to unfold his faculties to give him the fre and full use of his powers ; and especially of his best powers. It is first to train the intellect, to give him a love of truth, and to instruct him in the processes by which it may be acrfuired. It is to train him lo soundness ofjodg meni, to teach him to weigh evidence, and .o guard him against the commonsources of error. It is to give him a ihirst for knowledge, which will keep his faculties in action throughout life. to initiate bint nfo physical science, so that he will understand the principles oThis trade or pro fession, an'will be able to comprehend the phe nom,eii.a thut are'continiially passing before his eys. It is to make him acquainted whh his own nature, to givehim that most important means of improvement, seii-coT!prerien3ion. In the next place, to educate a man, is to train the conscience, to give 1 him a quick, keen dis cemrueht of the right, to teach bim duty in its great principles and minute applications, to es tablish ;rt, him immoveable principles of action. It is to show I is true position in the world, his true relation to God and his fellow beings, and immu table, obligations laid on him by these. It is to inspire him with the idea of perfection, to gjve him a high moral aim, and to show how this may be maintained in the commonest toils, and how everything may be made to contribute toils ac complishment. Further', to educate a man in this country is to train him to be a goodcMixen, to establish him in the principles of political science, to make him acquainted with our histpry,government and laws ; to teach him our great interests as a nation, and the policy by wb ich they are to be advanced; and to impress him deeply witnnis refponsiouity in this great trust his obligations to disinterested patriotism as the citizen of a free State. Again in educate a man is to cultivate his im agination and taste ; to awaken his sensibility to ibe beautiful in nature and art to give him the capacity of enjoying the'riiingsof men of genius, and to" prepare h:ni lor the innocent and refined pleasures of literature, I will only add, that to educate a man is to cultivate his powerof expression, so that he can bring out his thoughts with clearness and strength, and exert a moral. influence over his fellow crea iu es.-Th is Js jesse n t ial t ojr u een joy m e nt it ri d improvement of sociaj life. -- ': According lb these views, the laboring classes maj yet be said to have few means of education, exreptmgihos ezvjirc.h (he relations, changesr occupations and dtscifjine of jife.-The greet school Of life, of Provitfence is iadeed open to all. But whatf I WouId askf & done by our public institutions for the educatioa of the mass of the. people? In the - mechanical nature of our cammon schools,' is it ever propose to unfold the various faculties of a human being1, to prepare him for self-improvement through life t Indeed, according to the. views of education novij given, now aetecuve are our institutions tor ncri as well as poor, and what a revolution is required in our whole system of training the young ! . ' Channing. THE ESSENTIALS TO jynUCL'!? , i . The following sixteen essentials Sfor productive farming are from the perr of the editor of the-A-mencan Farmer, which is, we believe, the oldest agricultural paper in the United States: 1. Good implements of husbandry r and plenty of them, which should always be kept in perfect j . . .. ' i. ' . - oruer. z,.? - --si a r t i i i f X. ' ..i &. ueep pwugmng, ana inorovgn jjuivctmwj lion of the soil, by the free use of the harrow, drag, and roller. ., '.. , 3. An application of lime, marl, or akct, where calcareous matter or potash may not be present in the -soil. 4. A systematic husbanding of every substance on a farm capable of being concerted intomanurei a systematic A protection ol such suhstances trorn loss by evaporation or waste ot any kind ana s careful application ofthe same to the jarids in cul ture . . ; 5. The draininu of all wet lands, -so as to re lieve the roots of the plants, from the ill effects of a super-abundance of water, a condition equally pernicious as drought, to their healthful growth and firofitable frucufiaiion. J . C. The free use of the plough, cultivator and hoe, with all row-cultured cropt, so as to keep down, at all times, the growth of grass and weeds, those pests which prove so destructive to crops. 7. seeding at the proper tune, with good teed, and an equal attention as to time, with regard le b. Attention to the construction and repair fences, so that what is made throughwbe wiwanq anxious cars of iho huebandman, may not belosi through. his neglect to protect bis crops from tie depredation of stock. " i 0. Daily personal tuperinltndence, on the pan of the master, over all the operations of the farm; no matter how good a manager he may have, oi however faithful his hands may be, as the pra ence of the head of a farm, and the use of bis ey es, are worth several pairs of hands. : - 10. Labor-saving machinery, o that one may render himself as independent as needful of neigh- bomeoa taoor, as av sense m tne eooo jraue itj nendence of the employer upon such labor.be- eta-dwposIUoa oljibedienca and. faithfulness poi the parlol the employed. II. Comfortable stabling and sheds, for the brr 8cs and stock, all necessary outbuildings, for the accommoda'.ion of the hands, and protection of )he tools and implememir fHihni JSE -HJ 11 ,T...t n nnw l Tt tlirnna t hrf"Tt.DtB. i'it l. BoiiKry 12. -Clover and other grasses to form a part of the. rotation of crops, and these lo be at the proper periods ploughed in, to form pabulum for succeed ing crops. 13. The clover field to be either plastered or ashed, each succeeding spring, one bushel of the forrf.er, and six of the latter, per acre. 14. To keep no more stock- than can be welt kept, but, to be sure to keep as muny as thearm can keep in good condition, 'a3 it is wise policy to feed a much, as posible of ihe crops grown on the farm', and thus return to if that which has heeff -a bstracted"frtm-ity - ' . J ... 15. To provide a good orchard and garden the one to be filled with choice fruits, of all kinds, the other with vegetables of different sorts, early and late, so that the table may, at all times, be well and seasonably supplied, and the surplus conir.bute to increase the wealth of the proprietor . Ju 7'he taking of one or more good agricul tural papers. A HAUGHTY. SPIRIT. A young man commenced visiting' a young wo man, and she seemed well pleased. One even ing he called when it was quite late, which led the girl to inquire where he had been. I had to work to-night,' lie replied. , Do you work fora living! inquired the aston- Certainly," replied the young man 'I'm B mechanic..- - .' 'r .-,"(': My brother doesn't work, I dislike the name cf a mechanic, end she" turned up her pretty nose. ".. '"''. .lt ', 'r.i. That was the last time the mechanic visited the young woman. He is now n wealthy man, and has one of the best of women for his wife, The young lady who disliked the name of a me chanic, is now the wife of a mi'seraBle fool a reg ular vagrant about grogshops and she, poor and miserable girl, is obliged to lake in washing in or der to support herself and children. r. Ye who dislike the name of a mechanic, whose brothers do nothing but loaf and dress f beware I how you treat young men "who work for a living. b ar better discard a well-led pauper, With ail Ms rings, jewelry, brazen-lacedness, and pomposity, and take to your affections the callous-handed. intelligent and . industrious mechanic. Thous ands have bitterly regretted Ihe folly, .who hav. turneo ineir oscks on nonesi inausiry. years of bitter experience taught l be in lesson. In. Ibis country, no man should be respected, in our way of thi will nbt work' bodily or mentally. d to a haid- un lhir lips with scorn when introi working man. ; m 1 ' 1 1 1 "" 1 'Jr ocw uuv misfortune tobe Most young n co nouh toestabU born poor, or to havec r j J 8 d b 1 themselves at their o1 c r 1 B, Lm This is a miotakeoV0"--,80 faf (LT.l hl beinera misfortu to tnem, u we may juuge )mi -,kr..... Juav behold, it is really a bless'm NI1HL IID CICl . l . l L jt mnn lhan ten 16 One acttinst hpi ine cnance - . - i u,Jin. atari' with plenty of money. Let any mfi i.i. ii twenty years and see who began v IUUR wcr tf , . . . . j- .Lthat time with abundant means, and tr tDn to the present day ; how oany have beeri wnr. Inst lhnir n aces in SOCieiV. snu ore ps by their boon companion wuh a look which pi jy aayti know younot Thfl unsold nubile lands of the U. S, amW to l,51Li2,5u9 ncres; "itl. a V j(g who ?vho curl ; ffllt. CALIIOVS'S SPEECH ON TH E TEH RBpIMBNT BILL, In Senate, Mabch 16, 1848. -Mr. Calhoun said t After a very careful exam, ination, I have cot been able to find a single ar gument which, in my op:nion, would justify the paisage of this bill at this time, and under exist ing circumstances. I cannot but feel that those who have come to a different conclusion have overlooked theactual condition of the Mexican f'Ir"c " ico, in sup. posing that this bill wa necessary either to in.; timidate or to coerce that Government into a rati fication of ih e. treaty receoUy. acted uponJiere. If that Government werej strong and vigorous, if the people of Mexico were united in resistance to us, and capable of sustaining a war in the event that the treaty shall not be ratified, there might be strong reasons for passing this bill. Bui such js not the tase. On the contrary, the verv nnrwv. i 'i l i. ir f i i i. . mrr vu-nuwriii iuu n utile more . i. ir , .. n man asnaaow, wiinout army and wkhout r enuesme people in a state or distraction, with a large and powerful party in opposition to the Uovernment, and for a (Continuance of the trar. not in hostility to us, but in hostility to their own Government which they dtfsire should b n.r. thrown. The Government itself exists by our forbearance, and unde our coortenance : thev I : L 1 I J . ' . .. - lure uevn inuueeu 10 ireov who us irom the dread oi tneir anninnaiion, ana we to treat with them nuiu uo came tuiiaiuciniiuii, . . iror, strange as it may appear, the very motiveihtt induced Mex ico to treat with us Induced us to treat with her. She dreaded her annihilationand so did we. It is difficult lossy which would be subjected to the greatest evil in consequence of such annota tion. The danger is not that the Mexican Gov. ernmen:. in the event of the rejection of the tree, ty, would be able to resist, but it is that it may perish before she can ratify it. But, if I am mistaken in all this, one thing is clear; with these ten additional regiments we have the means oj intimidating or coerce in i? that covernmnt to flnv TxtenTwFpfeaSe ; a sTDgfe "Brigade may ji'nniht.' latrfC---Bt even if we should choose to avoid this. We hold another power in our hands that is ample to induce her to ratitv lhe"treatv. nrnvid. ed" there" beTanv hesiiniion oh her W woold'ih that case have but to tell her that we will adopt the boundary agreed unon in the trra. ty, and thus save ourselves the vest sum of twenty millions of dollar, which rumor stales rfhnt we are to give for the ceded territory. This consideration alone is sufficient, provided the Mexican Government ..can maintain,, iiself until hejihall have acted upon this treaty with the a- mendBijlsrTia.tyhavia iJWfthade' WUHy this body. . . ,l.ia jhkIe w-of .ihe. $ubjcctI.Tf garxl .the .. p'iia-. sage of this bill, if it be intended either for the purpose of intimidation or of coercion, to be en tirely useless an unnjeaning bravado. But if u were inereiy useless, as mucn as i may be a great as it now l IsTTH rtwone ihsrTTiseJPM ; '-""jfs isjr. mischievous here, for if this body, conversant with all the secret" proceedings? in reference to the treaty, and supposed by the country to be ful ly informed of every thing in relation to the sub ject, should pass the bill now before it, H will be received by the public as art apprehension on our that there is great danger that the treaty will not be ratified, and the effect upon our commerce and upon the money interests of the country will be highly injurious. It will b mischievous here, for the real danger that the Mexican Government ftas ft 4co alle4.Puroa,hich is unwillingjo see a peace, concluded between the Mexican Government and this country; unwilling, not because they are our Iriends or enemies, but simply for the reason that they wish to see that Government annihila ted and the power placed in their hands. Now, if the impression produced there by the passage of the bill should be that there is danger that the treaty wilt not be ratified, it will arouse and sni mate that party to double exertion in order to lul fil their object. , But I jConsider it not only useless, not only mischievous in the light which I have indicated, but it will be a costly bravado. I take it for gran led that the honorable chairman of the Committee on Military Affiira does not intend limply that this bill shall pass this body ; that would be un-. prthrof Jhrcharaeter.-- He then expects that it ' wif 'ao pawlne'ljiiher M become a law, and that the force will be raisej and be employed, if the treaty should fail, in rvin? on the war with Mexico. Well, if tK passes and 1 mutt consider it in thaty'1"1'!!1. that case, what will be the' result T 1,1 be no difficulty in getting afficers rf T,'" ? lhejr w.lt have no apprehension of J fighting future battles ; thefiln":nt lul out to be a money specula "c,h receive for hi. enli,tmcf 3 ,n ,"od' . u and sixty acres, his mounnng to one ,o wef- dJa bounty in moner ,moumi al lne genl uf''""e "Wn.y-orie dollars. Estimating price to abcr. , ' - ... . , b , . k, 'and at one dollar and a quarter in ac!evould make ,he who,e 2,000.000. 'Vh.Sma alono would bo equal to two millions )rr. .... i i i . l 'i i ii . j, . far ' iimiiuicm iiiuusauu uanas. " AUU 10 ihe pay and emolumc'nts of the officers, the ay to the soldiers, the expense for subsistence. and that for recruiting, and the whole sum will be found to be not less than three millions of dol lars, to which the passage of-this bill would sub ject the Government. , To this must be added the vast patronage which the appointment of five nunored omcers and Ibis great addmopal expen ditures would confer on the President : and that. too, oh t!" very eve of a Presideutial election, when the patronage of the Cfovernment is brought into the highest decree of activity, buch increase of patronage" is a great evil, as every man of ever ty party will readily acknowledge, if he would candidly express his sentiments ; for, if there is any thing on which all ara agreed, it is that Ex ecutive patronage is already enormous, and ought not to be increased.- -' : : . Now, I submit to ihy friends 6a this side of the chMinber,- wiio have indicated - a...-dwposiiion to pass this bill, whether they are. willing to incur this heavy cost and subject the country to this great evil by passing this bill, which I htvesho.vn to be a useless bravado, unbecoming a great and magnanimous people,"" .7; -' .'..v, . B'uTt inbrpfityTobject'to theassae of ihe-bill i this time." and Under existinif ctreumalaneea. but' 1 taky, higher ground. I ni opposei.to the of J bill under all circumstances. I would have voted against it if a treaty had not been made, and fur reasons that to myself are conclusive, and" which I, will now proceed to state. ...'- K"-'Z ;Sir, We all know the origin of this bill. . It was reported early in the session, afnd originated in the message of the President recommending a vigorous prosecution of the war, and its leading and main object was to carry that recommendation into effect.. If, then, we pass Mhis bill, we give, according to my bumble conception, a pledge to the Executive and to the country that if the treaty fails we will resort to vigorous prosecution of the war. I, for .one am unwilling to give this pledge: unwilling, because I think K ought not to be giv en? and unwilling, because. jf given, I" am of the impression it never will be redeemed.' &?': It ought not to be given, fur reasons which 1 have asaigned fully on an former occasion," and which I shall only briefly repeat on this. A vig orous prosecution of (he war would be the anni hilation'of the Mexican Government, lea vini no Government with whom to treat. The effect on that would be the entire subjugation of the coun try, throwing upon us one of two slierternaiivei t either to create s Government by our own su thuority with which to treat and this, I trust, no one who duly appreciates the true principles of our system of government will ever adopt or to bold it under our subjugation as a conquered country, to be governed as provinces, or to be in corporated into the Union. r ' Now, as I am utterly opposed to this for reasons whch I stated at large on the occasion refeied to,' and''w'hich'li1a'''notine"w for one cannot give this pledge. Nor cad I give it because I have not the least expectation that it would ever be redeemed. ''The sentiment of the whole country is remarkably changed in . refer ence to the war. There was at that time a large party in the country who were in favor of taking the whole of Mexico. 1 have but to appeal to the proceedings of public meetings, and to declarations repeatedly made in the public journals 'to prove this. But that sentiment is changed. And why changed I Because the pple.-Were not- ware at that tune of what would be the conse quence of a vigorous prosecution of the warr i was an appeal to their manly pride. But as toon as they saw the consequences, that the result would be as I have sTa'ted.Tthey driew back " and put the seal of their reprobation upon it. not only for the present, but 1 trust forever.. With this strong disapprobation of the w ir on the pnrtof the people, it would be an idle dream to suppose that in the event of failure of the trer.ly.ih is war would ever be renewed to be carried on vigorously, '.j. But, it may be asked, whatshall- fee dsn'e ? Ijanswer is plain and simple. Only one thing can be done.' 1 o lair bade and tafte the iine of the treaty ; to tell the. Mexican people that we iu- ttend to hold 4t--tbat-wafsiEe4--ir the-y a- or can h oe ODjecieu uiai it costs more, lor it would take fully as large an army, and at as great I cospo protect Mexico; und-r the. treaty jgairist the Indians falling on our side of the line under tha-treiiy. aOLjpjTe.cV Mexicans by assuming the line without iTielrea ty, not to take into estimate the twenty millions of dollars which would be saved by adopting the lat ter, The'whole affair is in our own hands ; whether the treaty fails or not, we still have the complete control, if we act with wisdom' and firmness, and avoid, what I detest above all things, a system of menace or bra vado in the management of nego tiation. I had hoped that that system had been abandoned forever. It nearly involved us in a War with England about Oregon, ,J(It was only: prevented by the wisdom . and firmness of this 1o3y: lrwasTeidTOdTon Mexico, and Jhe march of the army under gen eral Taylor to the Rio Grande waa butii""ded to sustain it. Unfortunately, circumsf"'ct, pro vented the Senate from interposing In the case of Oregon, and this war was ihoonsequence. But, Mr, President, the vigs prosecution of the war is not the only ob"1 of 'bis bill. It is the primary, the priheip' But there is an other one secondary:' lrue ihoogh not much less important. Tb t'i was intended in part to carry into exec"00 )'" of imposts and taxes which tbPr,,'dent of the United States had imposed,rn w'xic0' The armyTincIuding tne forcey raised by this hill, "was intended io De uV or clcting the duties and imposts ; forj" PurP8e n was to be spread all over Mexr .(-.bai.bfen..cinciallr.anflnncedV'- r r--:"-- iow, i now that we cannot pass this bill with' out Sanctioning the act of the Preskieht in this re sped, and that I for one never csn do, because I am -under adeep Conviction that the President has no right whatever . impose taxes, internal, or external, on the people of Mexico. It is an act without the authority of the constitution or law. and erninetly dangerous to the country. Thus, thinking, that neither the constitution nor law gives him any such authority, I would not be true to my trust it 1 were lo vote for the hill. I would hive been glad to have avoided it at the present time. . My friends around me know that I was anxious that this biM should not be pressed upon us now, not that I desired to shun the responsi bility of the expression of my opinions, but because Iprcfered postponing it until after the treaty was ratified, and when there could be no cry of civ- ing aid and comfort to the enemy. But it is for ced upon me, and if there be any responsibility in expressing my opinion at this tune, it ought of ngnt to tail, not on me, but upon those who with out aoy liecessily.Jbave. Jbrced thj. upoi us. .' But to return to the thread of the arirument. I ask, where can the President find the aothnrity for imposing these taxes f , Can it be found in your constitution t " If so point it out.. Can it be found in your law I .. If so point it out. No such authority is to be. found in ehher. But - it may be said it is comprehended , under the implied powers of the Executive that -tsr the powers ne4 cessary anc proper to . carry out those etptenly delegated to hirn. If so point out the powr which it is. intended to carry into execution. Bullet me say gentlemen in advance, if 'you do this you will not remove the difficulty. If you should succeed in showing, that it is an implied power which L hold to be-Hposibie you - aiusi still point out sn act of Congresi to authorize it exeicjse.TheTramers of the coogiiiution, in their great sagacity, have taken care to insert a provision in the constitution investing Congress amply wuh the power to pass auJawa necesssry and proptr lo- carry iotq aecuiioiv no; oidyiu-of own powers, out tnose yesteu in any depanment office-ofohe Gbverninent I refr to what M '.''ii usually called the residuary clause, which providesJ . that Congress shall have power (o jSast an laws ' necessary and proper to carry into execution thd foregoing powers, that is, powers invested io Corn gress t o powets vested in any of-.the ? depart roent or ofBcers of the Government'; .Tbrr,' tf ; it is an implied power," it becomes a congressional -power by this express provision, and must bar the sanction of Congress for carrying it into ef- feet. . - , .... . . . But it may be saidhat the President is com mander in-chief of the armjin Mexico, and tba U is an essential part of the power of the comniatH . der-io-chief to impose a system of uxs'tiori in thai enemy's country. If, indeed, it be an' essential ' part of thepower it cannot be separated jfrom i? without destroying the power itself, and it most of course belong to hint as . commsuder-in-chief in the United Stales as well at in Mexico, br in " any other conquered country1. But it is msini- fest that it cannot exist within the limits of lbs' United Sintes, becaus the constiiulion exjreaslr invests the same not in the President, bui in CoiW gress. But to this it may be said there is ,a rfit- 7: ! .L r ' uncuvn uriween exercniing inepower in me, U ' Stales and 'exercising it Mexico, or any other . place beyond the boundary of the United filatesj where our army may be operating.,. To. thr i, answer by asking, why so I Wkat njakes hd distinction T VVhat possible reason" can be as signed why the power may be exerciged m the one and not' io the other ! v Who can answer these questions I';. ." "' ''-' 1 But if it is the case if the President car, exer- ciseirf Metrco1 powertxpre saIjrgireatq.Cni fress, which he cannot exercise in the U. Statesr would ask where is the limit to his power1 in' Mexico T Has be also the power of making ap propriations ol money collected in Mexico with out the sanction of Congress fThis be bar iU .Jt , reauy uone. -nas aw toe powrrioappiy ine mo ney te whatever purpose he may think proper and among others to raise a military force in Mex-' ico without the sanction of Congress! . "Tbat also' he has already done. But if there bo'no . limita- lion, then his powers ara. absolute, aod despotic io . Mexico, and he stands in the two fold character of the constitutional President of the -United Slala and the absolute and despotic . ruler of Mexicow' To what must this conclusion lead I What may' , ' , lie not dof He may lay taxes ; at bii; pjeasarai' 1 either as to kind or amount; he msy . establish .. the rules and regulations for their collection; bt may dispose of them, without passing the Treasu ry" to any object or for any purpose he may think T proper, and is pot liable or responsible' to Cong- 1 resser any other authority in any respeeY what- - ,. ever m doing all this. He inay, of course,, raise i armies, and pav them out of 4he proceeds"' of K taxes t 'he'may VagrwaragairJal -the jpe igbtor ing countrit's io the south of htm at his pleasure, awl-catena -n amnorly.:yorca.ox.arn5,, whatever extent be may desire; or he rdayi a ueet una assail the isianos oi tne Doutnr.i,.. orhe may jjjr country be may think prppef;Nf,w make it tha instrument of its sarujugation. gainst all this there is no retn'ey and can be none if he has the power wbichmpst necessarily re sult from the prfacipWa wnich would invest bim' with the uower of la vine taxes, T ''r.tS-'T-; But. it may be asked, what are the hnfifatibrjl upon h:s. power: as commander-in-chief I TntJ' answer is an easy one. His power is to) cbm' t .. mand the ary. Let us put a true ..value opoo't, .' words. To command in chief is to have the su- . -prelno-tontrol in conducting and directing the ar- 1 my in ita military operations. Such is iis power, j4J and only power. " It t a restricted one? of WKich iheconstiiuiionaL legislation. -of Ah Jcoualiy fntxl manes many eviuencoe. 10 rery act Which re- cognizes war with Mexico rests him wih tha power of using the army arid navy for its prosecu tion, clearly indicating that the power or, afirJJt ' them for that purpose required the authority of law. If vie look back into all the decjarattoBa. which have been made by this Government I shall find that they all, in like manner eohfef the nme power on the President. Besides, if we' r turn to the laws in reference to supressing insur- 1 rections, it will be found that tliey expressly au- ? thorize the PresfdenXjO ose the rhilitid,aiid,ytb ir- , my for the purpwe-siiowing, in like manner, the prevailing opininio'n hrjetofore that the sanction of law wasqecesfary, lo use a military ferce for this purpose n's well as for-Carrying into. effect" a' declaration of wa-Such -also n the CsSe jn fit erence to repellinginyosion.rlf there be any pbwer which one would suppose would btlbg, td' the President, a commander fi-cbief, it Woud' m . 1 that of estaklishirtg rules and, r'egulafipps for tne government of the army but if, we turn," lo the constitution, we shall find ev ta, thsf power it conferred by express provision oppn; Congress ; all going to show within what narror ji.mitt tbsV constitution and the laws restrict the potfef'df lH ' -President.', , ,V . .. . .. .JV . ; j - .,'- n ...u J But it msy be asked', has the 'conqueror ho pow , rr to impose lates upon a conquered country . -Yes, harcertaify has. ', When an arinir invades a countryand sobduei it, io whole or jo part, the conqueror has a right to impose taxes and collect ' them. But (be question occurs, under, our jiMj" tern of Government, who is the conqueror I. I answer, the people of (he United Siatea . are the, . conquerors. It is they who have conquered Mex ico; not the President, not the generals, not, the army. They are but the instrument, b'v which the conquest has been effected., 'Andf if w the . people otthe. United States that have the rigW f' -impose taxes." -But nho;Jrepresehfs the United' Stales ho ial their organ, tfi.rotiglif tvhich they act I I answer, this Uovernment, the tkdtftt Government, consisting -of-theExectilive; the Legislative, and the Judicary Departments. ; The questibnthen is, to "what extent the President rt presents exclusively the Unfted Siates'in tne e'oo qutredcoorntryf The answer is fo tttrvihif it r lentthan as'cornmander-idl-chief.in all othetf w spects almost Congress is the , sole representative, , and to them especially beloncs. by express dele gation, the power of laying and eolteCling taieli and of appropriating thvm to such' objects is the ' constitution warrants, unrestricted, exHemtmg a' faas the Uild States authority extendsi- witlr " out restriction or distinction.. Now, when ever a . country is conquered, even in part, and held by the conquering fewer; tha sovereignty of country thus held w for the time suspended. ihat of the conquering suhsiiiuted in inpkce course, it! our case the authority of tha Gofi ment in its oepa! lartmenis attaches to it as ifi part of Jhe United States; ttsef? each jntl r "' 1 1: i i il A Si
The Greensboro Patriot (Greensboro, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
April 15, 1848, edition 1
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